Thursday, August 6, 2026

Howard Gordon and Vince Gilligan on The X-Files to Now :How Vince Gilligan's Experience on The X-Files Helped Shape Plur1bus Or: How To Show What's Important When The World Ends

 

 

I said when I began this series that one of the most important things both Gordon and Gilligan learned from their work on The X-Files was what not to do with a serialized drama. And that's far more true of Gilligan then it is of Gordon, if for no other reason then he was there from Season Two to the end of the original run.

Unlike Gordon who wrote several episodes that were mythology-adjacent, if not directly related to the conspiracy Gilligan never wrote a single script that had to do with the mytharc. The closest he came was co-writing several episodes that had to do with Scully's relationship to the conspiracy, whether in regard to her being diagnosed with cancer (Memento Mori) or the aftereffects of the experiments on her (Christmas Carol, Emily). Other than that all of his episodes fit the traditional monster of the week format.

And the interesting part of Gilligan's tenure on The X-Files was that he basically was an optimistic writer as well as its resident humorist. Gilligan spent much of the show poking fun at the tropes of the series but never with the kind of meta that Darin Morgan did. With him he was gently poking fun at it. We get the clearest sense of this in his first comic episode, the classic Small Potatoes.

 Mulder and Scully are called to a small Virgina town where babies are being born with vestigial tails. The most recent mother Amanda Nelligan claims the father is from another planet, which naturally brings our agents there.

When Mulder questions Nelligan about how she got pregnant, Amanda tells her that the father just showed up on her door one day. It wasn't an alien; it was Luke Skywalker. With perfect comic timing Scully says: "Did he have his lightsaber?" "No" Amanda says. "How many times have you seen Star Wars?" Scully asks absolutely delighted. "368. I should break 400 by January."

(Was it possible that Gilligan's taking a gentle dig as the nerd culture that was forming online, including on The X-Files?")

Mulder wants to go home but then they find out all five babies have the same father. This leads them to a sperm bank and the janitor Eddie Van Blundht. "The H is silent" he will constantly remind us.

Fans of this episode – and everyone loves it – knows that Eddie has the ability to make faces and turn into anyone he wants. This is a direct reference to the Bounty Hunter we saw as early as Colony. But Gilligan cleverly indicates that he's not taking it seriously and neither is Mulder. When Scully asks him if Van Blundht is an alien, Mulder is dismissive: "Not unless aliens live in trailer parks." This is clearly a dig at Carter and how the mytharc is so portentous: we're not going to dignify the idea that someone who has to power to shape shift would do so only to impersonate Jedi Knights.

And so Gilligan spends much of his humorous monsters of the week episodes going out of his way to gently puncture everything that Carter and his colleagues hold sacred about the aliens. He will usually do so by doing everything in his power to make one, if not both of our beloved agents, look like stuffed shirts.

 The best example of this is Bad Blood where the episode opens with a young man being chased through the woods by a figure in dark, screaming for help. Then he trips and is staked by Mulder. Scully runs up looking horrified. Mulder gets her to look at the fangs, saying this man is a vampire. Scully pulls them out. "Oh, sh---" Smash cut to the titles before Mulder can complete the obscenity.

The episode then shows how Gilligan is going to play with the format in which our agents are being sued for $446 million for their role in the wrongful death of their killer. Skinner wants their report and Mulder asks Scully what she's going to say. So Mulder asks Scully to tell what she said and then Mulder tells Scully what he saw.

The episode then goes out of its way to show how Scully sees Mulder and Mulder sees Scully. Both versions show the narrator as the calm, rational human being and their partner is the person who is the burden to everything. Mulder (in Scully's version) is an overexuberant, hyper person, who loves his slideshows and points out trivia, all the while pushing his partner to do autopsies in the dead of night. Scully (in Mulder's version) is a whining harridan who hates being dragged around the country by their partner and keeps falling over herself in front of a buck-toothed sheriff. (In Mulder's version. In Scully, it's Luke Wilson.)

What's the most telling part of the narrative is that in reality Sheriff Hartwell and the entire town are vampires – but they're not the monsters.  Late in the episode Hartwell apologizes to Scully for putting them through all of this. "He makes us all look bad. He's not who we are any more. I mean, we pay taxes. We're good neighbors. Ol' Ronnie, he can't quite seem to grasp the concept of 'low profile'."

There's a deep irony here. Mulder and Scully have stumbled on to a town of monsters but they're not monsters in the sense that they've been hunting all this time. This is one of the best ways Gilligan pokes fun at the entire Monster of the Week format, something he'll do quite a bit more often. Perhaps the real problem with so many of the monsters we've met over the five seasons so far (and more to come!) is not that they're mutants or demons but that they don't have a community. Perhaps Eugene Tooms or Flukeman wouldn't be a threat if they had their own village somewhere. And its worth noting that though the vampires have both Mulder and Scully at their mercy when the episode ends they choose to 'pull up stakes' because while they could kill our heroes, it would just draw the wrong sort of attention to them.

But there was always a darkness to Gilligan's humor and in a sense that darkness was a foreshadowing of what would come in Plur1bus. In 'Je Souhaite' Gilligan's directorial debut Mulder finds himself the master of a genie and given three wishes.  He tries to be altruistic and wishes for world peace. And how does the genie grant it? By erasing everyone but him from the planet.

And in the Pilot of Plur1bus  Gilligan's aliens manage to invade Earth and create a world that is a perfect paradise with no violence, crime, pollution or deviancy. And how do they do that? They manage to eliminate all but thirteen people on Earth into a hive mind.

Gilligan's aliens are completely different from Carter's. The aliens do not invade on UFOs nor do they colonize through black oil or bees. They arrive on a transmission and they manage to create a compound which the best scientific minds on Earth synthesize. Then they manage, in ways Gilligan and his writers have yet to explain, to take over the minds of every single person on Earth so that they all become the same brain. And all they want to do is create a paradise for those who live. The cost is one's individuality, one's soul, everything that makes you a human being. And what's surprising is that in Season 1 there only appear to be two people left who don't want to go along with the program.

As with the vampires in Bad Blood the aliens in Plur1bus want to be good neighbors. They are willing to accommodate everything that the remaining thirteen people who have not been processed want. In the case of one such survivor that means allowing him to live out all of his fantasies, played in the level of James Bond in Las Vegas or being able to fly Air Force One.   In the later episodes Zosia, who is established as an inspiration for a major character in Carol's fiction, tries to befriend her by playing games, going through couples massages and eventually rebuilding the diner she once used when she was deciding to become a writer.

These are not the hulking bounty hunters we spent all of The X-Files watching but there is a similarity: in The X-Files the aliens can take the form of any person on Earth ; in Plur1bus they have the minds of every person on Earth. As a result they always refer to themselves as 'we' whenever they talk to Carol about anything. In one example of the humor of the show Carol demands to that Zosia use terms like 'I' and 'you' and Zosia visibly struggles with it.

We also know far more about the aliens in the first season of Plur1bus then we ever got to during The X-Files. At one point Zosia tells Carol that they come from a planet called 'Kepler 23' and that they plan to spread everything they've been taught across the known universe, in theory, through a great radio transmission. Human emotions affect them so strongly that it causes them physical pain and that extends to not wanting to cause emotional pain either. They are also incapable of either lying or refusing any request that their subjects. Carol becomes aware of this in the worst way possible when she drunkenly calls for a grenade and Zosia shows up on her door with it. She doesn't believe they'd give her a live grenade until she pulls the pin – and it detonates, severely injuring Zosia.

The aliens also seem incapable of hurting living things, whether they are animal or plant. As 'John Cena' tells us if an apple falls from a tree they can eat it, but they can't actually pick an apple. They are currently surviving of a kind of protein found in dead humans but as they are told within a decade they will all starve to death from lack of nutrition. In another irony the aliens have managed to solve most of humanity's problems but Earth has done nothing to solve their own.

The biggest difference between Carter's alien invasion and Gilligan's is a difference in style. As any fan of The X-Files knows the mytharc episode were increasingly dragged down by a lack of action and forward movement and burdened by every single character giving long ponderous speeches in purple prose that is often referred to as 'Carter-speak'.

Gilligan, by contrast, has always been a far more visual storyteller: many of his series are an example of show, not tell. Plur1bus is by far the biggest example of this writ large as so much of the first season focuses on Carol Sturka (Rhea Seehorn) one of the few women left untouched by the hive and how she tries to resist in Albuquerque.

Like Scully Carol has a skeptical worldview but hers was always cynical to the point of unpleasantness. A best-selling romance novelist who seemed to hate everybody except her lover Helen she never liked people when things were normal.  Established early in Pluribus is that all of the aliens only seem to want to fulfill the fantasies of every human on Earth and Carol is the angriest person alive. Indeed her anger is so toxic that just being in its presence can be fatal to so many of those who are still alive – something that sickens Carol when she learns the consequences of one such outburst.

So much of the first season is done in long, visual sequences where action speaks louder than words. We see Zosia (Karolina Wydra) traveling from one section of South America to an airstrip in the opening teaser of the second episode. We see all of the aliens working to clean up the mess and Zosia traveling as the rest of the aliens silently work as one. A similar section takes place with Manousos, who we will learn maybe the only person left on Earth who shares Carol's worldview. We watch him in the opening sequence of the fourth episode in his darkened apartment, assessing his food supplies, rationing what he has and methodically working his way through a shortwave radio. Gilligan doesn't formally introduce us to him until the sixth episode when he starts his long trek to see Carol in New Mexico.

Carol spends much of the first season trying to learn the truth about the aliens, who are incredibly forthcoming. She learns very quickly that they will do anything to make her happy and that they don't want to hurt people. In fact they can't do it either physically or mentally. Indeed we eventually learn the process to finish conversion involves an invasive medical procedure and because that will cause harm, they refuse to do it unless the subject consents.

In the Season 1 finale we get the clearest picture yet as to how to aliens are planning to convince everyone else to 'join them. One of the remaining unchanged is a Peruvian girl named Kusimayu.  Two and a half months after the invasion she has agreed to the process. She lives in a small Quechuan village.  The mood is cheerful and hopeful and its clear 'they' are trying to make Kusimayu feel good about her choice. She says she's not scared and she feels happy to do this.  In the last moments before the process begins she's among the pets she keeps and is stroking a young goat. She asks if it will hurt and they assure her it won't.

They take out a large tube that has been kept in cold storage. (This could be an homage to The X-Files where we learned that the alien fetus – or the wellspring – was kept that same way for nearly thirty years as early as the season 1 finale.) They open the tube and she inhales. As in the pilot she begins to seize and passes out.

She opens her eyes and has the same beatific smile we've gotten used to over the course of the series. Immediately after doing so all of the members of her community begin to pack up clearly intending to leave the village forever. 'Kusimayu' opens the door to the coop and the animals begin to run free…with one exception. The goat that she was stroking just a few minutes ago runs after her. She walks away from it without even looking back.

Gilligan has illustrated without a word of dialogue what the cost is of being part of the hive and it's devastating. In a single moment you give up everything you ever cared about as a human being without thinking twice.

Later on Carol and Zosia slowly manage to become involved in large part because the aliens want her to write her next book. This is another humorous twist. By this point they have read every book on Earth and they want something new to read. That Carol has never thought her literature of great value prior to the invasion is wonderful because it turns out that, like the teller of the Arabian Nights, it might keep her human. And sure enough after the two of them have sex – which Carol initiates – she manages her first chapter of her new book.

It's difficult to register the sincerity of any one of the Hive mind but there seems to be genuine delight as Zosia reads the first draft and sees the changes she's made by turning Raban into a woman and discusses how this would be possible through canon. That the world might be saved via a cheap fantasy novel is a very Gilligan touch and it’s a far more direct idea then 'the truth'. Which makes you wonder if what Zosia and the rest of the hive is thinking involves thought or is just an act.  Do they realize that if Carol joins them that they would never read another story from Wycaro?

But  by design that fits the kind of writing Gilligan has done, not just in The X-Files but all of his series afterward. He has always been interested in character rather than story, even when he his shows have some of the greatest plots and continuity in 21st century TV.  Pluribus is a show about the angriest woman left in a world that many of the human's left now consider a paradise but that she argues isn't because all of what makes us a human – our individuality – has been taken away from them. For all her contempt for the world when it was normal, she understands it is the flaws in humanity that makes us who were are, even if that it is our rage and ways of causing pain.

This is seen more clearly in the second half of the first season which focuses more on Manousos (Carlos Manuel-Vespa). Manousos is just as resistant to the aliens as Carol but for a different reason: he believes that they are thieves who are taking what is not theirs anymore. He knows from the start that this is a lie when the alien who is taking the form of his mother talks to him warmly. "You're not my mother," he says. "My mother was a heartless bitch."  Again Gilligan's writers argue that by taking away the bad characteristics of those we love, we are robbing them of their humanity. He equates all of the things they are willing to do to help him as he makes an increasingly perilous crossing to find Carol, and at every level refusing the help of the aliens.

One almost sees a sense of Mulder-like stubbornness in Manousos as he seems more determined to die on his way to see Carol then to take any help from the aliens. But unlike Mulder, who rushed headlong into danger thinking the truth would protect him, Manousos knows all too well what he's getting into every step of the way.  The seventh episode of the show focuses on his long journey from Paraguay to the tip of Columbia, syphoning gas from cars, focusing on learning English from a series of cassettes, hunting and fishing as he goes. When he reaches a point he can travel no further by car and the aliens try to warn him away (compassionately) he takes out his gas can and then sets his cars on fire. Manousos is clearly a man of faith – we see him sleep in a church and with a religious icon hanging from the mirror – but it's not a blinding one, it just has simple moral principles.

Taking this further, at one point in his journey, he suffers horrible injuries and is hospitalized. When he escapes from the hospital he demands to know the cost of the medical care they have given, as well as for an ambulance he is going to take. The aliens immediately give him the bill – and in a Gilligan twist, an itemized receipt.

 Throughout his journey he says the same three sentences in English over and over. "My name is Manousos. I am not one of them. I wish to save the world." What makes you who you are is a recurring theme throughout Gilligan's work starting with what he did on The X-Files and how Manousos simply and eloquently phrases it is one of the simplest and most profound things ever written in 21st century TV. 

By the time Manousos arrives (twelve days before Kusimayu commits to the process on the timeline we see) Carol has clearly started to rethink her priorities. She tells Zosia that she intends to hear him out and send him on his way. In typical the two people who most want to save the world not only don't meet in person until the end of Season 1 but spend much of their initial discussion disagreeing where to initially meet because Carol, like all white women, is afraid of being raped by strangers have their entire conversation, arguably the one that might save the human race, take place over Siri in google translate. Their priorities are different. She wants to see if there's a way to reverse the process believing their basic humanity is intact. He thinks that the transformation has taken away their souls – something that the opening of the season finale implies – and the best thing is to exterminate them.

If one wanted to draw parallels to The X-Files one could see this as a meeting between this show's Mulder and Scully, only it is simultaneously hostile and absurdist. By the end of their first encounter Carol is so annoyed by Manousos she tells him "We'll save the world tomorrow," gets royally drunk and when she wakes up puts a chair blocking her door.

When Zosia tells Manousos everything about their relationship Carol is horrified particularly when Zosia tells Carol: "We love him the same as we love you." For Carol this is the most grotesque violation yet. When Zosia starts seizing – in large part because Manousos is choosing to experiment with radio waves – her reaction is to take her rifle and threaten him with it.

In the final twenty minutes Manousos asks very bluntly: "Do you want to save the world or get the girl?" It seems for a while as if Carol has chosen the latter.  In this he is not unlike Mulder seeking the truth at any cost. For a while it seems like Carol has chosen the alternative as we see a montage of the two traveling the world as a couple and Carol looking happy – genuinely happy for the first time in the entire series. Looking at this we are reminded of both Gilligan's final episodes of the series 'Je Souhaite' and 'Sunshine Days'. In both he made essentially the same argument: it's less important to find some existential truth then the friends and loved ones you meet along the way. In Je Souhaite the real truth Mulder finds is watching 'Caddyshack' with Scully in the final scene and in the latter Scully argues that proof of the paranormal is less important then that of human connection. One could see him making the same argument here in his scenes with Carol and Zosia at a ski chalet by an open fire.

But ironically it is Carol's inability to just be happy that saves her humanity as she asks the questions she needs to about how they've improved the process. And because Zosia is unable to lie she tells her exactly what we saw in the opening scenes: that very soon they'll have a way to do this without an invasive procedure. Carol tells them they can't do this if Zosia loves you. Zosia says they have to do this because they – and she uses I – love you. This is a parallel to so many of the experiments Scully went through during the various biological experiments done during her abductions, which also involved a lack of consent.

Immediately afterwards Carol comes home and she's back to her old, bitter self. We'll have to see in later seasons (when Gilligan and his crew finally come up with them) if these parallels between Gilligan's first show and Plur1bus continue. But I should add that at the end of the first season one of Carol's last lines is "We save the world." This is a line that no one on The X-Files ever said during its entire run – and in typical Gilligan fashion its delivered by her in such a way that it sounds more like an annoyance than something that she really wants to do.

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